Car Battery Charger, 12V/4A Smart Automatic Maintainer Trickle Charger for Car Truck ...

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Three-stage charger

In recent years, so-called three-stage chargers have been widely used in electric vehicles. The first stage is called the constant current stage, the second stage is called the constant voltage stage, and the third stage is called the trickle stage. From the perspective of electronic technology, for the battery: the first stage is called the charging current limiting stage, the second stage is called the high constant voltage stage, and the third stage is called the low constant voltage stage. When the second stage and the third stage are switched, the indicator lights on the panel change accordingly. Most chargers have red lights in the first and second stages, and green lights in the third stage. The mutual conversion between the second stage and the third stage is determined by the charging current. If the current is greater than a certain current, it will enter the first and second stages, and if it is smaller than a certain current, it will enter the third stage. This current is called switching current, also known as turning current.

Although the early chargers, including the chargers for famous brand cars, also change the lights, they are actually constant voltage and current limiting chargers, not three-stage chargers. Generally, this type of battery has a stable voltage value of about 44.2V, which is not bad for the battery with high specific gravity sulfuric acid at that time.

Three key parameters about the three-stage charger

The first important parameter is the low constant voltage value in the trickle phase, the second important parameter is the high constant voltage value in the second phase, and the third important parameter is the switching current. These three important parameters are related to the number of batteries, the capacity Ah of the battery, the temperature, and the type of the battery.

Secondly, the high constant voltage value of the second stage is discussed, and the reference voltage is about 44.5V. A high value of this value is conducive to fast charging, but it is easy to cause the battery to lose water, and the current will not come down in the later stage of charging, which will cause the battery to heat and deform. Although this value is not as strict as the first value, it should not be too high.

Finally, the conversion current is discussed, and the reference current is about 300 mA. A high value is good for battery life, and it is not easy to heat and deform, but it is not conducive to fast and full charging of the battery; a low value (for laymen) is good for full charging, but due to high-voltage charging for a long time, it is easy to cause the battery to lose water and cause the battery to lose water. Heat deformation. Especially when there is a problem with individual batteries, when the charging current does not drop below the turning current, the good battery will be charged and damaged. The given reference value has a certain range, plus or minus 50 mA or even 100 mA are allowed, but it is not allowed to be less than 200 mA.

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